In a perfect world, you work out regularly because you actually
like
all the heart-pumping, endorphin boosting, waist-slimming benefits that
come with it. Researchers call that intrinsic motivation, and it's a
critical factor for staying with a long term routine. But when your
inner drive is thwarted—say, by the obligation marathon that is the
holidays—external incentives can give you the boost you need, says
Ayres. It's an idea grounded in behavioral economics, a tool used by
many corporations to motivate their employees and improve their bottom
lines.
Incentives work like a charm for some (a 30-minute jog each day for a
month = a new Marc Jacobs tote), but behavioral economists such as Ayres
say that the flip side—penalties for missing a sweat session—are even
more effective...especially when they involve your hard-earned cash.
"People will work twice as hard when money is at stake compared with
relying only on their willpower," he says. Try it: Register your goal
and credit-card info at
stickk.com.
If you don't do a predetermined number of workouts, the charity of your
choice gets a payday, courtesy of you. "This is even more effective if
you give money to something you don't like," adds Ayres. Diehard
liberal? Set up your account to donate to a conservative group, and
watch your sweat fly.
Or make a friendly wager among coworkers or friends: Everyone ponies up
$10 and whoever logs the most workout sessions over three months wins
the pot. This is an ideal commitment device because you have a financial
prize and punishment in place simultaneously. "Just make sure the group
is large enough," warns Ayres. "If you have fewer than three people,
you give each other room to slack off."
In behavioral economics, these tactics are called commitment contracts;
they work by removing and reducing choices. And you don't have to dole
out dollars to feel the pressure, adds Ayres. Let's say you register for
a walkathon. You're signing your name to that goal. Elevate that sense
of duty by sharing the plan with friends or walk for a cause that
requires you to raise funds. You're far less likely to bail if you've
already hit up friends and coworkers for donations.
Research
points to another psychological factor that affects your drive to work
out: your pride. According to Penn State researchers, simply having a
supportive friend, family member, or significant other makes you more
likely to stick with your fitness regimen. Participants who started a
new workout plan with a partner cheering them on logged more exercise
hours than people who lacked this support. This kind of help has an
intrinsic effect too: A new study in the
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
shows that when you share a triumph with someone else—like finishing a
5-K or even surviving one killer abs class—and they respond
enthusiastically, your perceived value of that event increases and you
may become more invested in it. "Another person's enthusiasm can help
people feel valued," says lead researcher Harry Reis, Ph.D., a
psychology professor at the University of Rochester. Plus, he adds, by
sharing workout successes, you're cementing the (perhaps once elusive)
idea that exercising is part of your core identity, which can help you
stay on that path.
Like the
eternal Mac versus PC debate, motivation is ultimately "to each her
own." And sometimes it takes drastic measures. On their
New York Times blog,
Freakonomics,
authors Steven Levitt, Ph.D., and Stephen Dubner share the example of a
woman who placed a five-pound blob of faux fat (yeah, seriously,
fake body fat)
next to her refrigerator as a reminder not to OD on snacks and portion
sizes. Disgusting? Absolutely. Effective? It can be, says Ayres: "If you
respond to scare tactics, talk about instant motivation to get in a jog
or put down the ice cream!"
The bottom line: It's about finding what you really enjoy and what gets
you going, says Kristen Dieffenbach, Ph.D., an assistant professor of
athletic coaching education at West Virginia University. "Try as many
classes, running paths, and exercise machines as you can. Somewhere
between swimming and spinning, you
will click with an activity or
two." Spend your workout hours doing these types of exercise and you're
much more likely to bank your sweat sessions, no matter what the
season. Actually liking your workout makes it that much easier to invest
in it.
QUESTION:
How do YOU stay motivated
to stay healthy?
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